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Harm and Application of Mechanical Vibration in Mechanical Industry
Release time:
2020-01-17
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In this paper, the meaning, types, components, research contents, hazards and applications of mechanical vibration are described. Mechanical vibration widely exists in the mechanical movement, it has a favorable side for us, at the same time, also has a harmful side. For the beneficial part we want to use, for the harmful part we want to avoid. 1 Mechanical vibration Mechanical vibration is a special form of motion in which the mechanical system will reciprocate around the equilibrium position. From the point of view of kinematics, mechanical vibration is the relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration of a mechanical system near a certain value with time.
In this paper, the meaning, types, components, research contents, hazards and applications of mechanical vibration are described. Mechanical vibration widely exists in the mechanical movement, it has a favorable side for us, at the same time, also has a harmful side. For the beneficial part we want to use, for the harmful part we want to avoid.
1 Mechanical vibration
Mechanical vibration is a special form of motion in which a mechanical system reciprocates around an equilibrium position.
From the point of view of kinematics, mechanical vibration is the relationship between the displacement, velocity and acceleration of a mechanical system near a certain value with time. If this relationship is deterministic, then we can express it as a functional relationship.
Mechanical vibration is based on the mechanical model, the application of mathematical analysis, experimental measurement and numerical calculation methods to study the general law of structural vibration, to solve the vibration problem in practice, it is the expansion of material mechanics in dynamics.
2 Types of mechanical vibration
Vibration phenomena can be classified from different angles according to the different focus of the study.
According to the system input (excitation) type is divided into three: free vibration, forced vibration, self-excited vibration. According to the system output (response) or vibration law is divided into four kinds: simple harmonic vibration, periodic vibration, transient vibration, random vibration. According to the degree of freedom of the system, it is divided into three types: vibration of single degree of freedom system and vibration of multi degree of freedom system. The differential equations describing the system can be divided into two types: linear vibration and nonlinear vibration.
3 Elements of vibration system
Quality of 3.1
In a mechanical model, mass is abstracted as a rigid body that does not deform. According to Newton's second law of motion, if a force acts on a mass, the force is proportional to the acceleration that the mass obtains in the same direction. Expresses
3.2 elasticity
In the mechanical model, a spring is abstracted as a massless element with linear elasticity. The elastic element provides an elastic force in the vibration system to restore the system to the equilibrium position, also known as the restoring force. The restoring force is proportional to the magnitude of the relative displacement of the two ends of the elastic element.
3.3 damping
In the mechanical model, a damper is abstracted as a mass-less element with a linear damping coefficient. In a vibration system, the damping element provides the damping force of the system motion, and its magnitude is proportional to the relative velocity at both ends of the damper
4 Research content of mechanical vibration
With the development of mechanical industry and science and technology, the products become more complicated, the precision is higher, and the performance is more stable and efficient. Therefore, the vibration problem has become an important issue that must be solved.
The common main contents of mechanical vibration are: to improve the anti-vibration ability of the mechanical system, to prevent the system from resonating, to avoid the system from vibration, vibration reduction and isolation, noise control and so on.
5 Harm and application of mechanical vibration
Mechanical vibration in the machinery industry has a favorable side, at the same time, also has a harmful side. For the positive side, we should make use of it; for the harmful part to human beings, we should try our best to reduce or even avoid it.
There are countless harmful vibration problems in the machinery industry and other industrial sectors, which often cause huge losses and bring unimaginable problems to human production and life. It is urgent to study and solve these problems with the theory, technology and method of vibration engineering.
When the amount of vibration exceeds the allowable range, the vibration will intensify, affecting the working performance of the machine parts, causing additional dynamic load on the machine parts and reducing the life of the parts.
For large-scale, high-speed rotating machinery, major accidents caused by dynamic instability have occurred several times. Large generator sets can be completely disintegrated in tens of seconds due to the sharp rise of vibration, resulting in a lot of losses. Even some foreign nuclear power plant accidents are caused by this reason.
In the manufacturing process, due to the existence of mechanical vibration phenomenon, so that the production of products can not achieve the required accuracy, resulting in a large number of economic losses.
Accidents caused by vibration of large engineering structures also occur from time to time. Historically, there have been bridge collapses due to resonance phenomena caused by forward travel. In modern times, large bridges or cooling towers have broken and collapsed due to "wind-induced vibration. The hull of the oil tanker is broken due to vibration at sea, which is also caused by mechanical vibration.
In addition, the noise generated by mechanical vibration will also have a great impact on people's physical and mental health. In fact, it can be said that vibration problems generally exist in various fields of industrial production and engineering. With the development of science and technology, for many engineering projects, vibration analysis and control has become an important factor in the success of a project.
At the same time, mechanical vibration has a favorable side, we hear the music is produced by the vibration of various musical instruments. Engineering using vibration principle to design a lot of vibration machinery, such as vibration conveyor, vibration piling machine, vibration screening machine, vibration molding machine and so on.
5 Conclusion
The problem of mechanical vibration is widespread in the field of mechanical industry. The harm caused by it is a problem that we must solve. Therefore, the control and research of mechanical vibration has become a problem that the whole industry must pay attention. At the same time, mechanical vibration also has a useful side to humans, humans can use mechanical vibration to complete different processes. Therefore, mechanical vibration is a double-edged sword, for the beneficial aspects, we use, and for the harm to our daily life, we should try to avoid.
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